Power-developing apparatus



A. T. K'ASLEY. POWER DEVELOPING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 8. 191.8.

1 A27 1 08. Patented Aug. 29, 1922.

INVENTOR. 7

i r s no u i We a r JNil .1

ALEXANDER T. KASLEY, 013 SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA.

rownn-nnvnnorrne arrenarus.

emos.

Application filed May 8, 1918. SerialNo. 233,330.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER T. KAsLnY, a citizenot the United States, and a resident of Swissvale, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Invention in Power-Developing ripparatus, of which the following is a specification.

An object of this invention is to produce a heat engine of high eiliciency.

A further object is to produce an organized apparatus including a multi-stage elastic fluid turbine of any type and a displacer chamber in which means are employed for so utilizing the motive fluid delivered to the turbine that etliciency of the entire apparatus is increased above that of similar power developing apparatus now in use and known to me.

A further object is to produce a power developing apparatus including a compound engine, in which means are employed for applying all the heat, employed in the organized apparatus at a ten'iperature considerably above the boiling point of the fluid corresponding to the highest pressure employed.

These and other objects, which will be made apparent throughout the further description of my invention are accomplished by means of apparatus diagrammatically illustrated in the singlesheet drawing accompanying and forming a part hereof.

In the drawing I have diagrammatically illustrated one form ofapparatus embodying my invention.

The apparatus illustrated includes a turbine '3 of any type employing multiple stages. As illustrated, the turbine is provided with an inlet port 4, which communicates with a high pressure reservoir 5, and which delivers motive fluid to the high pressure blades or working elements of the turbine. The turbine is also provided with a delivery port 6 located intermediatethe inlet port t, and an exhaust port 7. Thefport'G communicates by a suitable passage, with a displacer chamber 9. The exhaust port of the turbine communicateswith the atmosphere or with a condenser.

The displacer chamber 9 contains a displacer 10 mounted on a rod 11, which projects through the wall of the chamber. As illustrated, this displacer is provided with a downwardly projecting flange 12 which extends into an annular liquid seal 13, adapted to be supplied :with sealing liquid from any suitable source. The displacer is capable of being reciprocated by any suitable means, such for example, as a lever 14 and actuating mechanism 15. This mechanism may be driven by the turbine, or it may be driven independently by a separate motor. Above the displacer is a solid partition 16 which separates the displacer chamber 9 trom the regenerator '17 and also compels fluid entering the chamber 9 from the regenerator to traverse heating tubes 18, which are subjected to'the sensible heat of combustion in a furnace, diagrammatically illustrated at 19. The regenerator 17 also communicates with a passage 20 with which the passage 8 communicates by means of a check valve 21. The displacer chamber 9, the displacer 10, the regenerator l7, and the heating elements 18 are similar in the functions and mode of operation to similar apparatus usually employed in well known hot air engines, and for simplicity may be termed regenerative apparatus. The passage 20 also communicates with the reservoir 5 by a check valve 22 and with the displacer chamber 9 below the displacer 10. A passage 24: is also provided which communicates with the chamber 9 above the displacer 10 and with the receiving chamber 5 through the check valve 25. Feed water is supplied to the chamber 9 below the displacer 10 through a spray nozzle 26, which is shown controlled by a suitable valve 27. The liquid supplied to the seal 13 is preferably cylinder oil or some such liquid which will not evaporate rapidly at the temperatures encountered. If, however, it is desirable to supply this seal with other liquid, such as water, it may communicate with a source of constant supply. As illustrated, the furnace 19 is provided with a grate 28 located below. the tubes '18 and a stack 29 which receives the products of combustion after they have given up heat to the tubes 18.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: In starting the apparatus, the displacer is first started in its reciprocatory motion, it being understood that the furnace 19 has previously been started. Assuming that the displacer is at the upper end of its stroke, its next movement will be downward, during which it displaces the fluid in the lowerend of the chamber 9 and causes it to move through the passage 20, regenerator 17, the tubes 18 and finally to enter the upper end of 18 is subjected. to'furnace temperatures and delivered through the passage 21 and the i receiver and prevent a discharge 0t fluid consequently its temperature and pressure Wlll be increased untll it exceeds the pressure in reservoir 5. As soon as the pressure in the reservoir 5 is exceeded, fluid will be check valve 25 and also from the passage 20 through the check'valve 22 into the receiver, it being understood that both of these check valves operate inwardly with relation to the through them-from the receiver.

' During the next portion of the cycle of the apparatus, the displacer lOmoves-trom the lower extremity of its stroke upwardly. While this is taking place, the fluid contained within theupperend of the chamber 9 is forced out through the tubes 18,, theregenerator 17, the passage 20and finally into the space below the displacer 10. The fluid leaving the upper end of the displacer 9 gives up a large percentage of its heat to the regene'rator 17, and consequently is delivered to the lower end of the chamber 9 at a reduced temperature. The temperature of the fluid is thereupon further reduced by the heat at these temperatures.

water spray delivered through the nozzle 26', and the water is evaporated into. steam. Water is preferably delivered through. the nozzle only during this portion of the" cycle, although the apparatus will operate it a continuous flow oil water is delivered. The reduction in temperature occasions a drop in fluid pressure, because the specific heat of steam. is materially less than the latent heat. This reduction in pressure is felt throughout the systemabove the check valves 21, 22 and 25. When the pressure has dropped lOGlOW the pressure maintained at the port 6 of the turbine, the check valve 21 will open and theturbine will thereupon deliver fluid from the port 6 to the passage 20. This fluid withdrawn from the turbine is during the cycle of the apparatus delivered again tov the receiver 5 and consequently to the turbine.

In the operation of theapparatus the furnace or heat generating apparatus will be controlled automatically or otherwise, in response to variations in. the temperature with- 1115 the upper part of chamber 9, and the supply of water through the, nozzle 26 will be controlled automatically or otherwise in response to variations in the pressure within the system above the check valves 21, 22v and 25. 1 It is well known that it is impossible to construct boilers capable of generating steam at the highest permissible temperatures. This apparatus enables the eflicient use of For example,

thetemperature of the fluid delivered to the upper'end of the chamber 9 may be approximately 700 degrees, whereas the temperature conforming to the pressure in the chamber 5 would be approximately 350 degrees. Super-heat1ng as ordinarilypracticed enables a small part oi the heat to be applied at these high temperatures, while my invention en-v ables all of the heat to be applied at high siderably lower than the temperature supplied to the apparatus, and consequently the quantity of fluid passing through at least a part of the turbine is materially increased. This increase in fluid is accomplished by withdrawing a portion of the fluid traversing a low pressure stage of the turbine and returning it to the high pressure stage of the turbine. The thermodynamic gain, thereby accomplished, results. from the fact that a large portion of the latent heat of the fluid is returned to the turbine without being lost in the condenser or in the turbine discharge.

All of the water delivered through the: nozzle 26 is vaporized by the superheated fluid to which it is subjected. This large volume of fluid is delivered at a moderate temperature to the receiver 5. The recei-ver,. how ever, receives highly superheatedfluid through the passage 24 and by suitably pros portioning the valve areas the fluid delivered to the turbine can be kept at a desirable temperature considerably above that of dry, steam at the pressure of the receiver..

While I have described and illustrated but one embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the. art that various chan 'es, modifications, substitutions, additions an omissions may be made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as set forth by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In combination in, a power developing apparatus, a compound engine, means for delivering motive fluid to said: engine-and means for periodically withdrawing a por tion of the motive fluid from the working passages of said engine after it has been partially expanded, and means for'deliveringheat to the fluid so withdrawn and for returning the fluid to theinlet of the engine;

2. In combination in a power developing apparatus, a compound engine, means for delivering superheated fluid to the inlet of engine and for periodically withdrawing partially expanded fluidi from a working passageof the engine, and means for delivering heat to the fluid so withdrawn and for returning the fluid to the inlet of the: engine.

3. In combination in a power developing apparatus, an evaporating chamber, means for periodically forcing heated fluid into said chamber and for periodically forcing fluids out of said chamber, means for admitting liquid to said chamber for evaporation by said heated fluid, means for heating the fluids discharged from said chamber, and an engine operating on the fluid pressure generated.

4. In combination with a fluid actuated engine, a regenerative apparatus, comprising a heating chamber, a cooling chamber, a passage connecting said chambers, a displacer between said chambers for forcing fluid from one chamber into the other, means for injecting cooling liquid into said cooling chamber, and means for delivering fluid generated in said chamber to said engine and for delivering fluid from said engine to said regenerator.

5. In combination with a fluid actuated engine, a regenerative apparatus, comprising a receiving chamber which communicates with the inlet of said engine, a displacer chamber, a passage connecting the ends of said displacer chamber, heat imparting means in said passage, a regenerator in said passage, a displacer within said chamber for causing a flow of fluid from one end to the other of said chamber, and a one way valve between said passage and said receiver chamber. I

6. In combination with a fluid actuated engine, a regenerative apparatus, comprising afluid heating chamber, a steam generating chamber, a passage connecting said chambers, a regenerator in said passages, means for transferring fluid from one chamber to the other, and means for delivering steam from said regenerative apparatus to said engine and for returning partially expanded steam from the engine to the regenerative apparatus.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, a regenerative apparatus including means for alternately heating a fluid and for cooling said fluid and for evaporating a liquid for admixture with said fluid, a fluid actuated engine having communicating high and low pressure portions, and connections between the apparatus and the high pressure portion whereby the high pressure portion operates on the differences in pressures obtaining in said apparatus, a portion of the working fluid being returned to said apparatus after passage through the high pressure engine portion and a further oortion of said working fluid passing through the low pressure engine portion.

8. In an apparatus of the character described, means for supplying heat to a confined fluid, means for abstracting and storing a portion ofthe heat so delivered, and means for generating fluid under pressure by forcing liquid into the partially cooled fluid and thereby generating additional fluid.

9. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, a chamber, a displacer located Within said chamber, a passage communicating with both ends of said chamber, a source of heat in the path of travel of fluid entering one end of the chamber from said passage, means generating additional fluid under pressure by the heat of the fluid entering the other end of the chamber, and an engine receiving fluid from said passage.

10. In an apparatus of the character described, a chamber, a displacer located within said chamber, a passage communicating with said chamber on opposite sides of said displacer, means for heating the fluid entering one end of the chamber, means for generating additional fluid by subjecting liquid to the heated fluid, and an engine receivlng fluid from said passage.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 31st day of October, 1917.

ALEXANDER T. KASLEY.

Witness C. IN. MQGHEE. 

